In animal genetics, which term describes the genes that an animal has?

The correct term that describes the genes an animal has is "genotype." The genotype encompasses the specific set of alleles or genetic variants that an individual possesses, which can determine various traits and characteristics of that organism.

Understanding genotype is crucial in animal genetics, as it serves as the foundation for the expression of traits—these traits can be influenced by environmental factors, but the genetic makeup dictates the potential for those traits to be expressed. For example, an animal may have a specific genotype that predisposes it to grow larger but may not achieve this size in an environment lacking sufficient nutrition.

The other terms serve different purposes in genetics and biology. Phenotype relates to the observable characteristics or traits of an individual resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the environment. Traits refer to specific characteristics, such as coat color or milk production, that may be determined by the genotype, while characteristics is a more general term that describes features or qualities of an organism. Understanding these distinctions clarifies the role of the genotype as the underlying genetic composition influencing the animal's characteristics.