What defines a biennial plant?

A biennial plant is specifically characterized by its life cycle, which takes two years to complete. In the first year, these plants typically grow leaves, stems, and roots, storing energy in their underground structures. It is during the second year that biennial plants use this stored energy to flower, produce seeds, and then die. This two-year cycle distinguishes biennials from annuals, which complete their life cycle in one year, and perennials, which live for multiple years and often flower and produce seeds in successive growing seasons. Thus, identifying a biennial plant hinges on recognizing its unique two-year growth and reproductive cycle.