What does the term 'phenotype' refer to in genetics?

The term 'phenotype' refers to the observable traits of an organism, including its physical characteristics, behaviors, and biochemical properties. These traits result from the expression of the organism's genes in conjunction with environmental influences. While an organism's genetic makeup, known as its genotype, provides the blueprint for these traits, the phenotype is what can actually be observed and measured.

For example, in plants, the phenotype could include traits such as flower color, height, or yield. In animals, it could involve characteristics such as fur color, size, or behavior. Understanding phenotype is crucial in genetics as it helps researchers and scientists to determine how various genes and environmental factors contribute to the traits displayed by living organisms.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of the term 'phenotype.' The genetic makeup refers to the genotype, which is distinct from the observable characteristics. The potential of an organism to adapt is more related to evolutionary biology and the concept of plasticity, while evolutionary history pertains to phylogeny rather than individual traits. Thus, the focus on observable traits firmly establishes 'B' as the correct understanding of phenotype in genetics.