Which of the following is an example of a fixed cost?

Fixed costs are expenses that do not change with the level of production or sales, meaning they remain constant regardless of how much is produced or sold. Land rent serves as a perfect example of a fixed cost because it is a contractual obligation that a farmer must pay regardless of how much they plant or harvest. Whether the production is high or low or even if there is no production at all, the rent amount remains the same.

In contrast, the other options represent variable costs, which fluctuate based on production levels. Fertilizer expenses, labor wages, and seed costs vary with the amount of land farmed or the number of crops produced. For instance, if a farmer decides to plant more crops, they will incur higher costs for seeds and fertilizers, and labor might also increase to handle the additional workload. Thus, land rent's reliability as a fixed cost distinguishes it from the others, making it the correct answer.